Title: Body Atlas “The Brain“
Director: Thelma Rumsey
Character: Brian
Synopsis:
The brain is the pinnacle of evolution, a small complex intelligence-gathering system whose mental reach can encompass the entire universe. It is the only object which is aware of its own existence, can think in the abstract, and build knowledge through generations. The film studies the brain as we view Brian and his classmates at school.
Every animal you think like bird, fish, mammals, and reptiles have brain. But human brain is unique. It gives us the power to think, plan, speak, and imagine. It can be considered the most complex organ in your body and the centerpiece of your nervous system.
Brain, portion of the central nervous system contained within the skull. The brain is the control center for movement, sleep, hunger, thirst, and virtually every other vital activity necessary to survival. All human emotions—including love, hate, fear, anger, elation, and sadness—are controlled by the brain. It also receives and interprets the countless signals that are sent to it from other parts of the body and from the external environment. The brain makes us conscious, emotional, and intelligent.
The brain, weighing only three pounds, contains billions of nerve cells controlling ten trillion nerves. One pint of blood per minute supplies, via a dense network of vessels, oxygen and sugar, the brain's fuel. Cells deprived of oxygen die rapidly; permanent damage occurs after 2 minutes. The brain requires ten watts of energy and sends electrical energy along the spinal cord to cells. There are gaps in nerves which allow signals to jump to thousands of alternative routes.
In lower vertebrates, such as fish and reptiles, the brain is often tubular and bears a signal resemblance to the early embryonic stages of the brains of more highly evolved animals. In all vertebrates, the brain is divided into three regions: the forebrain, the midbrain, and the hindbrain. These three regions further subdivide into different structures, systems, nuclei, and layers.
The nervous system begins to develop after three weeks and develops rapidly over the first two months, 1/4 million nerves per minute. In four months all 14 billion nerves have formed. Experience and learning fill in the connections and the brain coordinates them. As we learn we re-wire the brain's structure. All parts are connected by bundles of nerve fibers; each repeated signal strengthening the connection. This flexibility is the secret of our success as a species.
The more highly evolved the animal, the more complex is the brain structure. Human beings have the most complex brains of all animals. Evolutionary forces have also resulted in a progressive increase in the size of the brain. In vertebrates lower than mammals, the brain is small. In meat-eating animals, particularly primates, the brain increases dramatically in size.
The cerebrum and cerebellum of higher mammals are highly convoluted in order to fit the most gray matter surface within the confines of the cranium.
The skull contains eight bones allowing the brain to grow. Thinking takes place in the front of the brain. Through evolution the front of the human brain has become much larger. Deep inside is the early primitive cerebellum which keeps the body in balance and the heart and lungs working. Our cerebellum is the most complicated in the animal kingdom, probably because we must balance on two legs.
The brain functions by complex neuronal, or nerve cell, circuits. Communication between neurons is both electrical and chemical and always travels from the dendrites of a neuron, through its soma, and out its axon to the dendrites of another neuron.
One neuron may communicate with thousands of other neurons, and many thousands of neurons are involved with even the simplest behavior. It is believed that these connections and their efficiency can be modified, or altered, by experience.
Scientists have used two primary approaches to studying how the brain works. One approach is to study brain function after parts of the brain have been damaged. Functions that disappear or that are no longer normal after injury to specific regions of the brain can often be associated with the damaged areas. The second approach is to study the response of the brain to direct stimulation or to stimulation of various sense organs.
Neurons are grouped by function into collections of cells called nuclei. These nuclei are connected to form sensory, motor, and other systems. Scientists can study the function of somatosensory (pain and touch), motor, olfactory, visual, auditory, language, and other systems by measuring the physiological (physical and chemical) changes that occur in the brain when these senses are activated.
Although the brain appears symmetrical, how it functions is not. Each hemisphere is specialized and dominates the other in certain functions. Research has shown that hemispheric dominance is related to whether a person is predominantly right-handed or left-handed. In most right-handed people, the left hemisphere processes arithmetic, language, and speech. The right hemisphere interprets music, complex imagery, and spatial relationships and recognizes and expresses emotion. In left-handed people, the pattern of brain organization is more variable.
Hemispheric specialization has traditionally been studied in people who have sustained damage to the connections between the two hemispheres, as may occur with stroke, an interruption of blood flow to an area of the brain that causes the death of nerve cells in that area. The division of functions between the two hemispheres has also been studied in people who have had to have the connection between the two hemispheres surgically cut in order to control severe epilepsy, a neurological disease characterized by convulsions and loss of consciousness. The left half of the cerebrum controls the right side of the body; the right half controls the left side.
The visual system of humans is one of the most advanced sensory systems in the body. More information is conveyed visually than by any other means. In addition to the structures of the eye itself, several cortical regions—collectively called primary visual and visual associative cortex as well as the midbrain are involved in the visual system. Conscious processing of visual input occurs in the primary visual cortex, but reflexive—that is, immediate and unconscious—responses occur at the superior colliculus in the midbrain. Language involves specialized cortical regions in a complex interaction that allows the brain to comprehend and communicate abstract ideas. The motor cortex initiates impulses that travel through the brain stem to produce audible sounds. Memory is usually considered a diffusely stored associative process—that is, it puts together information from many different sources. Although research has failed to identify specific sites in the brain as locations of individual memories, certain brain areas are critical for memory to function. Immediate recall the ability to repeat short series of words or numbers immediately after hearing them is thought to be located in the auditory associative cortex. Short-term memory is the ability to retain a limited amount of information for up to an hour is located in the deep temporal lobe. Long-term memory probably involves exchanges between the medial temporal lobe, various cortical regions, and the midbrain.
The brain selects what it retains and stores it in short-term or long-term memory. Repetition will move information to long-term. We do not know how memory recall works.
Commentaries
Something to think about, you may take your brain for granted, but a lot of people don’t realize how amazing it is! You can do anything a computer can do, and then even more, there’s no limit to your memory, and there’s no delay.
The documentary film of Human Atlas about brain demonstrates how the brain works. Brain is most important organ in our human body because it controls all of our voluntary and involuntary movement or action. The complexities of our brain to animal have been amazed us.
The human brain is the most wonderful system known to us. It is the control center for all our thoughts and senses and allows us to interact with our universe in magnificent ways.
Director: Thelma Rumsey
Character: Brian
Synopsis:
The brain is the pinnacle of evolution, a small complex intelligence-gathering system whose mental reach can encompass the entire universe. It is the only object which is aware of its own existence, can think in the abstract, and build knowledge through generations. The film studies the brain as we view Brian and his classmates at school.
Every animal you think like bird, fish, mammals, and reptiles have brain. But human brain is unique. It gives us the power to think, plan, speak, and imagine. It can be considered the most complex organ in your body and the centerpiece of your nervous system.
Brain, portion of the central nervous system contained within the skull. The brain is the control center for movement, sleep, hunger, thirst, and virtually every other vital activity necessary to survival. All human emotions—including love, hate, fear, anger, elation, and sadness—are controlled by the brain. It also receives and interprets the countless signals that are sent to it from other parts of the body and from the external environment. The brain makes us conscious, emotional, and intelligent.
The brain, weighing only three pounds, contains billions of nerve cells controlling ten trillion nerves. One pint of blood per minute supplies, via a dense network of vessels, oxygen and sugar, the brain's fuel. Cells deprived of oxygen die rapidly; permanent damage occurs after 2 minutes. The brain requires ten watts of energy and sends electrical energy along the spinal cord to cells. There are gaps in nerves which allow signals to jump to thousands of alternative routes.
In lower vertebrates, such as fish and reptiles, the brain is often tubular and bears a signal resemblance to the early embryonic stages of the brains of more highly evolved animals. In all vertebrates, the brain is divided into three regions: the forebrain, the midbrain, and the hindbrain. These three regions further subdivide into different structures, systems, nuclei, and layers.
The nervous system begins to develop after three weeks and develops rapidly over the first two months, 1/4 million nerves per minute. In four months all 14 billion nerves have formed. Experience and learning fill in the connections and the brain coordinates them. As we learn we re-wire the brain's structure. All parts are connected by bundles of nerve fibers; each repeated signal strengthening the connection. This flexibility is the secret of our success as a species.
The more highly evolved the animal, the more complex is the brain structure. Human beings have the most complex brains of all animals. Evolutionary forces have also resulted in a progressive increase in the size of the brain. In vertebrates lower than mammals, the brain is small. In meat-eating animals, particularly primates, the brain increases dramatically in size.
The cerebrum and cerebellum of higher mammals are highly convoluted in order to fit the most gray matter surface within the confines of the cranium.
The skull contains eight bones allowing the brain to grow. Thinking takes place in the front of the brain. Through evolution the front of the human brain has become much larger. Deep inside is the early primitive cerebellum which keeps the body in balance and the heart and lungs working. Our cerebellum is the most complicated in the animal kingdom, probably because we must balance on two legs.
The brain functions by complex neuronal, or nerve cell, circuits. Communication between neurons is both electrical and chemical and always travels from the dendrites of a neuron, through its soma, and out its axon to the dendrites of another neuron.
One neuron may communicate with thousands of other neurons, and many thousands of neurons are involved with even the simplest behavior. It is believed that these connections and their efficiency can be modified, or altered, by experience.
Scientists have used two primary approaches to studying how the brain works. One approach is to study brain function after parts of the brain have been damaged. Functions that disappear or that are no longer normal after injury to specific regions of the brain can often be associated with the damaged areas. The second approach is to study the response of the brain to direct stimulation or to stimulation of various sense organs.
Neurons are grouped by function into collections of cells called nuclei. These nuclei are connected to form sensory, motor, and other systems. Scientists can study the function of somatosensory (pain and touch), motor, olfactory, visual, auditory, language, and other systems by measuring the physiological (physical and chemical) changes that occur in the brain when these senses are activated.
Although the brain appears symmetrical, how it functions is not. Each hemisphere is specialized and dominates the other in certain functions. Research has shown that hemispheric dominance is related to whether a person is predominantly right-handed or left-handed. In most right-handed people, the left hemisphere processes arithmetic, language, and speech. The right hemisphere interprets music, complex imagery, and spatial relationships and recognizes and expresses emotion. In left-handed people, the pattern of brain organization is more variable.
Hemispheric specialization has traditionally been studied in people who have sustained damage to the connections between the two hemispheres, as may occur with stroke, an interruption of blood flow to an area of the brain that causes the death of nerve cells in that area. The division of functions between the two hemispheres has also been studied in people who have had to have the connection between the two hemispheres surgically cut in order to control severe epilepsy, a neurological disease characterized by convulsions and loss of consciousness. The left half of the cerebrum controls the right side of the body; the right half controls the left side.
The visual system of humans is one of the most advanced sensory systems in the body. More information is conveyed visually than by any other means. In addition to the structures of the eye itself, several cortical regions—collectively called primary visual and visual associative cortex as well as the midbrain are involved in the visual system. Conscious processing of visual input occurs in the primary visual cortex, but reflexive—that is, immediate and unconscious—responses occur at the superior colliculus in the midbrain. Language involves specialized cortical regions in a complex interaction that allows the brain to comprehend and communicate abstract ideas. The motor cortex initiates impulses that travel through the brain stem to produce audible sounds. Memory is usually considered a diffusely stored associative process—that is, it puts together information from many different sources. Although research has failed to identify specific sites in the brain as locations of individual memories, certain brain areas are critical for memory to function. Immediate recall the ability to repeat short series of words or numbers immediately after hearing them is thought to be located in the auditory associative cortex. Short-term memory is the ability to retain a limited amount of information for up to an hour is located in the deep temporal lobe. Long-term memory probably involves exchanges between the medial temporal lobe, various cortical regions, and the midbrain.
The brain selects what it retains and stores it in short-term or long-term memory. Repetition will move information to long-term. We do not know how memory recall works.
Commentaries
Something to think about, you may take your brain for granted, but a lot of people don’t realize how amazing it is! You can do anything a computer can do, and then even more, there’s no limit to your memory, and there’s no delay.
The documentary film of Human Atlas about brain demonstrates how the brain works. Brain is most important organ in our human body because it controls all of our voluntary and involuntary movement or action. The complexities of our brain to animal have been amazed us.
The human brain is the most wonderful system known to us. It is the control center for all our thoughts and senses and allows us to interact with our universe in magnificent ways.
1 comment:
its Great :)) thank You
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